The Dutch United Provinces
declared their independence from Spain in 1579; during the 17th
century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with
settlements and colonies around the world. After a 20-year French
occupation, a Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830
Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained
neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany
in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is
also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a
founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU), and participated in
the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Dutch and
Frisian are the official languages.